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Feldmarschall Franz Xaver Joseph Conrad Graf von Hötzendorf (ドイツ語:Franz Xaver Josef Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf) (11 November 1852 – 25 August 1925), sometimes anglicised as Hoetzendorf, was an Austrian officer and Chief of the General Staff of the armed forces of the Austro-Hungarian Army and Navy during the 1914 July Crisis that led to the outbreak of World War I. Titled ''Freiherr'' (usually translated as Baron) since 1910; from 1918 until April 1919 raised to the title of ''Graf'', usually translated as Count; from April 1919 Conrad's official name was Franz Conrad-Hötzendorf, since the Republic of Austria abolished nobility for its citizens by law. During his tenure as Chief of the General Staff, many catastrophic decisions by Conrad and other Austrian military leaders brought the Austrian army to its near destruction. From early 1915 the Austrian armed forces were increasingly dependent on German support and command for the rest of the war. Without German support the Austrian army was a spent force.〔A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War 1 and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire.〕 ==Life== Conrad was born in Penzing, a suburb of Vienna, to an Austrian officers' family. His great-grandfather Franz Anton Conrad (1738–1827) had received the nobiliary particle ''von Hötzendorf'' as a predicate in 1815, referring to the surname of his first wife who descended from the Bavarian Upper Palatinate region. His father Franz Xaver Conrad (1793–1878) was a retired colonel of Hussars, originally from southern Moravia, who had fought in the Battle of Leipzig and took part in the suppression of the Vienna Uprising of 1848, whereby he was severely wounded. Conrad married Wilhelmine le Beau (1860–1905) in 1886, with whom he had four sons. He would later marry Virginia von Reininghaus in 1915, against the wishes of his children. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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